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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 18.

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Contents:

1. A new geostrategic era.

2. The war in Ukraine.

3. China-Western Decoupling.

4. Geopolitical Swing States.

5. Focus on Economic Self-Sufficiency.

6. Hardening of Technology Blocks.

7. Energy Security Imperative.

8. Multispeed ESG Policies.

9. Inflation-Recession Paradox.

10. Food insecurity and Instability.

11. Latin America Left-Leaning Governments.

12. Market Themes and Business Impact.

13. Geostrategic Priorities.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: February, 2022.
No. of Pages: 40.

This paper is the first step in a public discussion between the Federal Reserve and stakeholders about central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). For the purpose of this paper, a CBDC is defined as a digital liability of a central bank that is widely available to the general public. In this respect, it is analogous to a digital form of paper money.  

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Contents

1. Key Topics.

2. Public Outreach.

3. Introduction.

4. The Existing Forms of Money.

5. The Payment System. 

6. Recent Improvements to the Payment System.

7. Remaining Challenges for the Payment System.

8. Digital Assets.

9. Central Bank Digital Currency. 

10. Uses and Functions of a CBDC.

11. Potential Benefits of a CBDC. 

12. Potential Risks and Policy Considerations for a CBDC. 

13. Seeking Comment and Next Steps. 

14. CBDC Benefits, Risks, and Policy Considerations.

15. CBDC Design. 

16. Appendix A: Federal Reserve Research on Digital Currencies. 

17. Technological Experimentation.

18. Economic and Policy Research. 

19. Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach. 

20. International Collaboration. 

21. Central Bank Money.

22. Commercial Bank Money. 

23. Nonbank Money.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 206.

 

Contents:

1. Assumptions and Convention.

2. Further Information.

3. Data.

4. Preface.

5. Foreword.

6. Executive Summary.

Chapter 1. Global Prospects and Policies.

A Rocky Recovery 

A Challenging Outlook

Downside Risks Dominate

Policy Priorities: Walking a Narrow Path

Box 1.1. House Prices: Coming off the Boil

Box 1.2. Monetary Policy: Speed of Transmission, Heterogeneity, and Asymmetries.

Box 1.3. Risk Assessment Surrounding the World Economic Outlook Baseline Projections.

Commodity Special Feature: Market Developments and the Macroeconomic Impact of Declines in Fossil Fuel Extraction.

References.

Chapter 2. The Natural Rate of Interest: Drivers and Implications for Policy.

Introduction.

Trends in Real Rates over the Long Term.

Measuring the Natural Rate.

Drivers of the Natural Rate.

The Outlook for the Natural Rate.

Policy Implications.

Conclusion.

Box 2.1. The Natural Rate of Interest and the Green Transition.

Box 2.2. Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Natural Interest Rate.

Box 2.3. Spillovers to Emerging Market and Developing Economies.

References.

Chapter 3. Coming Down to Earth: How to Tackle Soaring Public Debt.

Introduction.

Macroeconomic Drivers of the Debt-to-GDP Ratio.

Debt Restructuring and Its Effects.

Going Granular: Case Studies of Debt Restructuring.

Conclusions and Policy Implications.

Box 3.1. Market Reforms to Promote Growth and Debt Sustainability.

Box 3.2. Monetary and Fiscal Interactions.

References.

Chapter 4. Geoeconomic Fragmentation and Foreign Direct Investment.

Introduction.

Early Signs of FDI Fragmentation.

Which Host Countries Are More Vulnerable to FDI Relocation? 

FDI Spillovers to Host Countries.

A Model-Based Quantification of the Costs of FDI Fragmentation.

Policy Implications.

Box 4.1. Rising Trade Tensions.

Box 4.2. Balance Sheet Exposure to Fragmentation Risk.

Box 4.3. Geopolitical Tensions, Supply Chains, and Trade.

References.

Statistical Appendix.

Assumptions.

What’s New.

Data and Conventions.

Country Notes.

Classification of Countries.

General Features and Composition of Groups in the World Economic Outlook Classification.

Table A. Classification by World Economic Outlook Groups and Their Shares in Aggregate GDP, Exports of Goods and Services, and Population, 2022.

Table B. Advanced Economies by Subgroup.

Table C. European Union.

Table D. Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Region and Main Source of Export Earnings.

Table E. Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Region, Net External Position, Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, and Per Capita Income Classification.

Table F. Economies with Exceptional Reporting Periods.

Table G. Key Data Documentation.

Box A1. Economic Policy Assumptions Underlying the Projections for Selected Economies.

List of Tables.

Output (Tables A1–A4).

Inflation (Tables A5–A7).

Financial Policies (Table A8).

Foreign Trade (Table A9).

Current Account Transactions (Tables A10–A12).

Balance of Payments and External Financing (Table A13).

Flow of Funds (Table A14).

Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (Table A15).

World Economic Outlook Selected Topics 173 IMF Executive Board Discussion of the Outlook, March 2023.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2021.
No. of Pages:  4.

The green loan market aims to facilitate and support environmentally sustainable economic activity. The Green Loan Principles (GLP) have been developed by an experienced working party, consisting of representatives from leading financial institutions active in the global syndicated loan markets, with a view to promoting the development and integrity of the green loan product.

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Contents:

 1. Introduction.
 2. Green Loan Definition.
 3. Green Loan Principles – Core Components. 
 3.1. Use of Proceeds.
 3.2. Process for Project Evaluation and Selection.
 3.3. Management of Proceeds.
 3.4. Reporting.

 4. Review.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2024.
No. of Pages: 12.

Contents:

1. HIGH RISKS HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF BOOSTING 
   RESILIENCE TO SHOCKS .
2. SECURING FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY IS KEY.
3. RAISING PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH SHOULD BE PRIORITISED.
4. THE GOVERNMENT AIMS TO MEET CLIMATE GOALS, WHILE 
   ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY.
5. LIMITING DEMOGRAPHIC HEADWINDS REQUIRES 
   MULTIPRONGED REFORM.

Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2024.
No. of Pages: 129.

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Contents:

1. Happiness and Age: Summary.
   Helliwell, Layard, Sachs, De Neve, Aknin, and Wang
2. Happiness of the Younger, the Older, and Those In Between.
   Helliwell, Huang, Shiplett, and Wang
3. Child and Adolescent Well-Being:
   Global Trends, Challenges and Opportunities.
   Marquez, Taylor, Boyle, Zhou, and De Neve
4. Supporting the Well-being of an Aging Global Population: Associations between Well-being and Dementia.
   Britton, Hill, and Willroth
5. Differences in Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults in India.                                          Paul, Pai, Thalil, and Srivastava __________________________________________________________________________________________

Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 96.

The health and economic aftereffects of the pandemic have quickly spiraled into compounding crises. Carbon emissions have climbed, as the postpandemic global economy fired back up. Food and energy have become weaponized by the war in Ukraine, sending inflation soaring to levels not seen in decades, globalizing a cost-of-living crisis and fueling social unrest. The resulting shift in monetary policy marks the end of an economic era defined by easy access to cheap debt and will have vast ramifications for governments, companies and individuals, widening inequality within and between countries. The 2023 edition of the Global Risks Report highlights the multiple areas where the world is at a critical inflection point. 

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Contents:

Chapter 1: Global Risks 2023: Today’s Crisis.

1.1. Current crises.

1.2. The path to 2025 Cost-of-living crisis Economic downturn Economic warfare Climate action hiatus Societal polarization.

1.3. Looking ahead Endnotes.

Chapter 2: Global Risks 2033: Tomorrow’s Catastrophes.

2.1. The world in 2033.

2.2. Natural ecosystems: past the point of no return.

2.3. Human health: perma-pandemics and chronic capacity challenges.

2.4. Human security: new weapons, new conflicts.

2.5. Digital rights: privacy in peril.

2.6. Economic stability: global debt distress Endnotes.

Chapter 3: Resource Rivalries: Four Emerging Futures.

3.1. Anticipating “polycrises”.

3.2. Polycrisis: natural resources, climate and cooperation.

3.3. Four futures for 2030 Endnotes.

Chapter 4: Conclusion: is preparedness possible? Endnotes.

Appendix A – Technical Notes: Global Risks Perception Survey 2022-2023.

Appendix B – Executive Opinion Survey: National Risk Perceptions.

4. Acknowledgements.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2024.
No. of Pages: 124.

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Contents:

Chapter 1: Global Risks 2024: At a turning point.

1.1. The world in 2024.

1.2. The path to 2026.

1.3. False information.

1.4. Rise in conflict.

1.5. Economic uncertainty.

1.6. Looking ahead Endnotes.

Chapter 2: Global Risks 2034: Over the limit.

2.1. The world in 2034.

2.2 Structural forces.

2.3. A 3°C world 2.4 AI in charge.

2.5. The end of development?

2.6. Crime wave.

2.7. Preparing for the decade ahead Endnotes.

Chapter 3: Responding to global risks.

3.1. Localized strategies.

3.2. Breakthrough endeavors.

3.3 Collective actions.

3.4. Cross-border coordination.

3.5. Conclusion Endnotes.

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