BANKING & FINANCE

 

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Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 12

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Contents:

1. The GBF for banks.

2. Bank-wide GBF implementation: risk, opportunities, dependencies, impacts. 

3. Risk.

4. Opportunities. 

5. Dependencies. 

6. Impacts. 

7. Illustrative actions by parts of the bank.

8. Exemplary key sector for banks: food and agriculture. 

9. Next steps for responsible banks.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 36.

The Digital Dollar Project is a non-profit organization devoted to catalyzing private sector research and exploration of the potential advantages and challenges of a U.S. central bank digital currency (CBDC), or “digital dollar.” It works to convene and incorporate the diverse perspectives and expertise of private sector, academic, and non-profit leaders to inform the national consideration of a digital dollar and to understand the implications of global CBDC developments for Americans

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Contents:

1. Introduction.

2. Refresh: What is the Digital Dollar Project?

3. (Re)introduction to CBDC.

4. Status of global CBDC development.

5. Revisiting the DDP’s tenets for a digital dollar Tokenization.

6. Third format of currency.

7. Maintenance of the two-tiered banking system.

8. Privacy.

9. Monetary policy-neutral.

10. Continued private sector innovation.

11. More research is needed.

12. Global CBDC standards: Will the United States lead?

13. Conclusion: A call to action.

14. Appendix: Region-by-region breakdown of CBDC projects.

- United States

- Europe

- Asia - Pacific

- Africa

- Americas

15. References.

16. About the authors.

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Date of Publishing: October 2020.
No. of Pages: 45.
Language: English.

What is the concept of a digital ruble? What are its role and place in today’s monetary system? How can it help individuals, businesses, and society in general? What aspects are to be taken into consideration in the course of its implementation? A digital ruble will remain the Russian ruble which will be issued by the Bank of Russia in digital form in addition to the existing forms of money. Individuals will be able to transfer digital rubles to their electronic wallets and use them through their mobile and other devices both online and offline (that is without access to the Internet and mobile communication). A digital ruble will be an additional form of money and will be used alongside individuals’ and businesses’ cash rubles and funds in their commercial bank accounts. Depending on their needs, individuals and companies will be able to exchange their money from one form to another, i.e. from the digital form to cash or noncash funds in their bank accounts, and back. This requires special-purpose technologies that would enable the offline usage of a digital ruble. A digital ruble will combine the advantages of both cash and non-cash money.

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Contents:

1. THE ROLE OF A DIGITAL RUBLE IN MONEY CIRCULATION
1.1. A digital ruble as a form of money.
1.2. The Bank of Russia’s approach to developing a digital ruble.
2. APPLICABILITY OF A DIGITAL RUBLE.
2.1. Pre-requisites, consumer qualities and conditions of use of a digital ruble.
2.2. A digital ruble for households.
2.3. A digital ruble for businesses.
2.4. A digital ruble for government payments.
2.5. A digital ruble for capital markets and financial innovations.
2.6. Certain AML/CFT/CFPWMD issues.
2.7. Protection of digital ruble owners.
3. THE IMPORTANCE OF A DIGITAL RUBLE FOR THE CENTRAL BANK’S
POLICY TO MAINTAIN PRICE AND FINANCIAL STABILITY.
3.1. A digital ruble and monetary policy.
3.2. A digital ruble and financial stability.
4. MODELS AND MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING A CENTRAL BANK
DIGITAL CURRENCY.
4.1. Models of a central bank digital currency.
4.2. Mechanisms for the technical implementation of a CBDC.
4.3. Confidentiality.
5. INFORMATION SECURITY.
6. LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY CHANGES REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT
A DIGITAL RUBLE.
7. APPENDIX. INTERNATIONAL DISCUSSION ON CENTRAL BANK
DIGITAL CURRENCIES.
TOPICS FOR PUBLIC DISCUSSION.
GLOSSARY.
ABBREVIATIONS.
REFERENCES.

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Date of Publishing: 2025.
No. of Pages: 11.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction.   

2. Fundamentals.
A. Is there a definition of green loans? 
B. What are the advantages of entering a green loan?
C. Who can borrow a green loan?
D. What is the difference between green/social loans and sustainability-linked loans?
E. What is the difference between green loans and blue loans? 
F. Can a loan follow a combination of the GLP, the SLP and/or the SLLP?
G. How do the GLP incorporate ESG considerations? 
H. How do the GLP fit with their bond counterparts? 
I. Can a green loan be entered into by a borrower at the start of their transition journey i.e., borrowers not yet able to claim alignment with the Paris Agreement, but taking ambitious steps in that direction?
J. Can ‘pure play’ companies enter into green loans? Are all loans entered into by pure play companies automatically green loans?                                           

3. Green Loan Principles.
A. Green loan definition.
I. Can a revolving credit facility (RCF) be a green loan?
II. Can a revolving loan be recognized as green if the borrower does not have a designated eligible Green Project at the time of entering into the loan?
III. Refinancing of Projects.
a) How can borrowers be transparent about the age of refinanced assets?
b) Can eligible assets be refinanced with the proceeds of a green loan before the original borrowing has matured?
c) Can long-dated green assets be (re)financed by (multiple) consecutive green loans?
d) Can existing assets that are pledged as collateral against another borrowing be refinanced through a green loan?
B. Core components.
I. Use of proceeds.
a) If a tranche of a loan is green, is the whole loan deemed green?
b) Is disclosure of use of proceeds mandatory? 
c) Are intangible assets or expenditures (such as training, monitoring, research & development and finance cost) also eligible for green loan financing?

d) When a loan finances projects that have both social and environmental benefits, such as sustainable social housing, sustainable public transport and access to clean water, can the borrower freely choose the designation of the loan as either a green or social loan?

e) Can a borrower enter into ‘theme’ loans focusing only on one category out of a more general green, social and SLL framework?

f) Do all green loans have to be climate-related?

g) Is there an eligible Green Project category in the GLP, which would consider carbon offsetting?

II. Process for project evaluation and selection.

a) What standards might be referred to in determining whether a loan is green?

b) The GLP states that a borrower shall clearly communicate “the processes by which the borrower identifies and manages perceived, actual or potential environmental and social risks associated with the relevant project(s)”. What is expected of borrowers in this regard c) Can a green loan be made to a borrower that has low ESG ratings, exposure to controversial sustainability issues or sectors/technologies (such as fossil fuels or nuclear energy)?

III. Management of Proceeds.

a) How should you deal with surplus money arising when green loan proceeds exceed green projects?

IV. Reporting.

a) How are metrics chosen to report on the environmental impact or efficiency of projects? b) How often and for how long should a borrower be expected to report on green loans

c) Is there a standard methodology for reporting on the impact of the loan proceeds?

d) How should a borrower report impact for projects where the borrower has provided only partial financing?

e) Should a borrower report on actual and/or estimated impact?

C. Review.

I. What is an external review and why is it required?

II. Does a new external review need to be issued on a refinancing?                   

III. Do self-certified loans need to be externally reviewed before they are compared/ranked against other loans (e.g. league tables)?

D. Documentation.

I. What green clauses should be included in loan documents?________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2025.
No. of Pages: 24

The digital ruble, going beyond a simple payment instrument, opens up opportunities for transforming key processes in the economy. Its use can increase the speed, transparency and security of financial transactions. The potential of the digital ruble can be considered in the context of several key aspects: innovations in financial technologies, increased efficiency of financial management at the state level, financial accessibility, and as a new generation payment instrument for cross-border settlements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
1. The digital ruble as the next stage in the evolution of money.
1.1. Goals and objectives of introducing the digital ruble.
1.2. Potential of the digital ruble.
1.3. The Bank of Russia digital ruble model.
1.4. Legal regulation.
1.5. The impact of the digital ruble on monetary policy and financial stability.
2. Pilot project of the digital ruble.
2.1. Project milestones.
2.2. Pilot objectives and tasks.
2.3. Current status of the pilot. Achieved results.
2.4. Issues identified during the piloting process.
2.5. Development of the digital ruble platform functionality.
3.   Technological platform and infrastructure.
3.1. Digital ruble platform architecture.
3.2. Security and data protection mechanisms.
4.    Prospects and next steps.

 

Цифровой рубль, выходя за рамки простого платежного инструмента, открывает возможности для трансформации ключевых процессов в экономике. Его использование способно повысить скорость, прозрачность и безопасность финансовых операций. Потенциал цифрового рубля можно рассматривать в разрезе нескольких ключевых аспектов: инноваций в финансовых технологиях, повышения эффективности управления финансами на государственном уровне, финансовой доступности, а также в качестве платежного инструмента нового поколения для трансграничных расчетов.

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Введение
1.     Цифровой рубль как следующий этап эволюции денег.
1.1. Цели и задачи внедрения цифрового рубля.
1.2. Потенциал цифрового рубля.
1.3. Модель цифрового рубля Банка России.
1.4. Правовое регулирование.
1.5. Влияние цифрового рубля на денежно-кредитную политику
и финансовую стабильность.
2.     Пилотный проект цифрового рубля.
2.1. Вехи проекта.
2.2. Цели и задачи пилота.
2.3. Текущий статус пилота. Достигнутые результаты.
2.4. Вопросы, выявленные в процессе пилотирования.
2.5. Развитие функциональных возможностей платформы цифрового рубля.
3.     Технологическая платформа и инфраструктура.
3.1. Архитектура платформы цифрового рубля.
3.2. Механизмы безопасности и защиты данных.
4.     Перспективы и дальнейшие шаги.

Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 438.

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Contents:

1. Wealth and the global art market.

2. Art & Wealth Management Survey.

3. Art wealth protection, estate planning and philanthropy.

4. Culture & social impact investment and sustainability.

5. Art secured lending.

6. Art and investment.

7. Art and technology.

8. Risk Management and regulation.

9. Conclusion.

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PDF-friendly

Date of Publishing:  November, 2023
No. of Pages: 51

На сегодняшний день ИИ уже широко используется участниками российского финансового рынка в различных бизнес-процессах: для взаимодействия с клиентами, управления рисками, аналитики, мониторинга и совершения операций и так далее. При этом потенциал дальнейшего расширения использования ИИ финансовыми организациями представляется значительным. ИИ может повышать эффективность финансовых организаций и качество оказываемых ими услуг.

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Оглавление:

1. Ключевые тезисы.

2. Определение и основные технологии искусственного интеллекта.

3. Глобальные тренды развития искусственного интеллекта.

4. Применение технологий искусственного интеллекта на финансовом рынке.

5. Условия развития искусственного интеллекта на российском финансовом рынке.

6. Риски искусственного интеллекта на финансовом рынке.

7. Подходы к регулированию искусственного интеллекта. 

8. Зарубежный опыт регулирования искусственного интеллекта.

9. Подходы к регулированию искусственного интеллекта на российском финансовом рынке. 

10. Вопросы для общественного обсуждения. 

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Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 129.

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Contents:

CHAPTER 1. Introduction.

1.1. About Fintech and the Future of Finance.

1.2. Conceptual Framework.

1.3. Fintech: What It Is and Why It Matters.

CHAPTER 2. Fundamental Drivers of ­ Fintech.

2.1. Key Technologies: Connectivity and Computing Power.

2.2. Impact of Technology.

2.3. Impact of Economic Forces: Scale Economies, Frictions, and Rebundling.

CHAPTER 3. Market Outcomes.

3.1. Impacts across the Four Dimensions of Market Outcomes.

3.2. Financial Infrastructure.

3.3.  New Business Models and Products.

3.4. New Players: Entry, Concentration, and Competition.

3.5. Implications for Market Structure.

CHAPTER 4. Core Policy Objectives and Evolving Trade-Offs.

4.1. Main Policy Challenges.

4.2. Policy for an Evolving Fintech Market.

4.3. Balancing the Policy Trade-Offs.

CHAPTER 5. Regulation and Supervision.

5.1. Current Regulatory Environment.

5.2. Typology of Regulatory Responses.

5.3. Activity-Specific Regulation.

5.4. Data-Generation Issues: Possibilities and Perils.

5.5. Regulation for Fair Competition.

5.6. Looking Ahead.

CHAPTER 6. Conclusion.

6.1. Emerging Policy Implications.

6.2. Final Remarks.

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Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 26.

The banking system was subjected to significant forces in 2022, including inflation, rising interest rates, equity and bond market declines, plunging cryptocurrency prices, consequences (political, trade, economic) of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, lingering effects of the COVID pandemic, and—to at least some extent—the reemergence of consumers from pandemic isolation.

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Contents:

1. ‘Still work to do’ to meet core and emerging supervisory expectations.

2. Responding to forces of innovation.

3. Fortifying governance and controls as part of core safety and soundness.

3.1. Data governance and reporting.

3.2. Cyber and information technology (IT) risk.

3.3. Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)/anti-money laundering (AML) and sanctions.

3.4. Consumer protection and financial inclusion.

4. Expanding the scope of financial risk management.

4.1. Capital.

4.2. Liquidity.

4.3. Climate-related financial risk.

5. Looking forward to an active 2023.

6. Endnotes.

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Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 44.

Оглавление:

1. Международная повестка.

2. Текущее состояние и проблемы рынка ESG-рейтингов.

3. Предполагаемый подход Банка России к гармонизации ESG-рейтингов.

Приложение: Рекомендации по разработке методологии и присвоению ESG-рейтингов.

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Date of Publishing: 2021.
No. of Pages:  4.

The green loan market aims to facilitate and support environmentally sustainable economic activity. The Green Loan Principles (GLP) have been developed by an experienced working party, consisting of representatives from leading financial institutions active in the global syndicated loan markets, with a view to promoting the development and integrity of the green loan product.

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Contents:

 1. Introduction.
 2. Green Loan Definition.
 3. Green Loan Principles – Core Components. 
 3.1. Use of Proceeds.
 3.2. Process for Project Evaluation and Selection.
 3.3. Management of Proceeds.
 3.4. Reporting.

 4. Review.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: February, 2022.
No. of Pages: 40.

This paper is the first step in a public discussion between the Federal Reserve and stakeholders about central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). For the purpose of this paper, a CBDC is defined as a digital liability of a central bank that is widely available to the general public. In this respect, it is analogous to a digital form of paper money.  

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Contents

1. Key Topics.

2. Public Outreach.

3. Introduction.

4. The Existing Forms of Money.

5. The Payment System. 

6. Recent Improvements to the Payment System.

7. Remaining Challenges for the Payment System.

8. Digital Assets.

9. Central Bank Digital Currency. 

10. Uses and Functions of a CBDC.

11. Potential Benefits of a CBDC. 

12. Potential Risks and Policy Considerations for a CBDC. 

13. Seeking Comment and Next Steps. 

14. CBDC Benefits, Risks, and Policy Considerations.

15. CBDC Design. 

16. Appendix A: Federal Reserve Research on Digital Currencies. 

17. Technological Experimentation.

18. Economic and Policy Research. 

19. Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach. 

20. International Collaboration. 

21. Central Bank Money.

22. Commercial Bank Money. 

23. Nonbank Money.

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RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Date of Publishing: December 2021
No. of Pages: 38

В фокусе Основных направлений 2022 – 2024 годов – дальнейшее развитие конкуренции на финансовом рынке, повышение доступности, качества и ассортимента финансовых услуг, снижение рисков и издержек в финансовой сфере, повышение уровня конкурентоспособности российских технологий при одновременном обеспечении кибербезопасности и поддержании финансовой стабильности. Реализация Основных направлений 2022 – 2024 годов будет осуществляться Банком России во взаимодействии с государственными органами, участниками финансового рынка и иными организациями.

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1. Введение
2. Итоги реализации Основных направлений развития финансовых технологий на период 2018 – 2020 годов.
3. Международные тренды.
4. Трансформация потребностей и поведения клиентов.
5. Формирование экосистем финансовых и нефинансовых сервисов.
6. Применение открытых API в финансовых и нефинансовых секторах экономики.
7. Повсеместное применение технологий.
8. Ужесточение регулирования криптовалют и развитие цифровых валют центральных банков.
9. Усиление операционных рисков и рисков в области информационной безопасности.
10. Уровень цифровизации финансового рынка в России.
11. Приоритеты развития рынка финансовых технологий для участников рынка.
12. Цели и основные направления цифровизации финансового рынка на 2022 – 2024 годы.
13. Развитие регулирования.
13.1. Развитие правового обеспечения Цифрового профиля.
13.2. Развитие правового обеспечения национальной платежной системы.
13.3. Развитие регулирования системы «Маркетплейс».
13.4. Регулирование открытых API.
13.5. Развитие регулирования в области оборота данных.
13.6. Правовое обеспечение создания Единой информационной системы проверки сведений об абоненте.
13.7. Развитие правового обеспечения экспериментальных правовых режимов.
13.8. Создание правовых условий для электронного хранения документов.
13.9. Регулирование экосистем.
13.10. Развитие регулирования цифровых финансовых активов и краудфандинга.
13.11. Правовое обеспечение цифрового рубля.
13.12. Правовое обеспечение создания сервиса Знай своего клиента.
13.13. Совершенствование законодательства в целях цифровизации исполнительного производства.
13.14. Совершенствование законодательства в целях цифровизации страховой медицины.
14. Реализация инфраструктурных проектов.
14.1. Развитие Единой биометрической системы.
14.2. Развитие инфраструктуры Цифрового профиля.
14.3. Развитие Системы быстрых платежей.
14.4. Развитие Национальной системы платежных карт.
14.5. Развитие системы «Маркетплейс».
14.6. Развитие открытых API.
14.7. Создание платформы коммерческих согласий.
14.8. Цифровизация ипотеки.
14.9. Разработка и пилотирование платформы цифрового рубля.
14.10. Создание сервиса «Знай своего клиента».
14.11. Цифровизация платежей и начислений ЖКХ.
14.12. Цифровизация исполнительного производства.
14.13. Цифровизация страховой медицины.
15. RegTech, SupTech.
16. Экспериментальные правовые режимы.
17. Информационная безопасность.
17.1. Обеспечение возможности использования сервиса облачной УКЭП участниками финансового рынка.
17.2. Обеспечение всех поднадзорных организаций УКП
17.3. Формирование среды доверия при удаленном предоставлении финансовых услуг и сервисов.
17.4. Снижение уровня потерь по операциям, совершаемым с использованием дистанционных каналов обслуживания, включая социальную инженерию.
17.5. Внедрение института киберучений как основного механизма стресс-тестирования при осуществлении надзора в части оценки киберрисков.
17.6. Развитие информационного обмена ФинЦЕРТ с участниками кредитно-финансовой сферы в части противодействия компьютерным атакам.

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