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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: October 2020.
No. of Pages: 45.
Language: English.

What is the concept of a digital ruble? What are its role and place in today’s monetary system? How can it help individuals, businesses, and society in general? What aspects are to be taken into consideration in the course of its implementation? A digital ruble will remain the Russian ruble which will be issued by the Bank of Russia in digital form in addition to the existing forms of money. Individuals will be able to transfer digital rubles to their electronic wallets and use them through their mobile and other devices both online and offline (that is without access to the Internet and mobile communication). A digital ruble will be an additional form of money and will be used alongside individuals’ and businesses’ cash rubles and funds in their commercial bank accounts. Depending on their needs, individuals and companies will be able to exchange their money from one form to another, i.e. from the digital form to cash or noncash funds in their bank accounts, and back. This requires special-purpose technologies that would enable the offline usage of a digital ruble. A digital ruble will combine the advantages of both cash and non-cash money.

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Contents:

1. THE ROLE OF A DIGITAL RUBLE IN MONEY CIRCULATION
1.1. A digital ruble as a form of money.
1.2. The Bank of Russia’s approach to developing a digital ruble.
2. APPLICABILITY OF A DIGITAL RUBLE.
2.1. Pre-requisites, consumer qualities and conditions of use of a digital ruble.
2.2. A digital ruble for households.
2.3. A digital ruble for businesses.
2.4. A digital ruble for government payments.
2.5. A digital ruble for capital markets and financial innovations.
2.6. Certain AML/CFT/CFPWMD issues.
2.7. Protection of digital ruble owners.
3. THE IMPORTANCE OF A DIGITAL RUBLE FOR THE CENTRAL BANK’S
POLICY TO MAINTAIN PRICE AND FINANCIAL STABILITY.
3.1. A digital ruble and monetary policy.
3.2. A digital ruble and financial stability.
4. MODELS AND MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING A CENTRAL BANK
DIGITAL CURRENCY.
4.1. Models of a central bank digital currency.
4.2. Mechanisms for the technical implementation of a CBDC.
4.3. Confidentiality.
5. INFORMATION SECURITY.
6. LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY CHANGES REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT
A DIGITAL RUBLE.
7. APPENDIX. INTERNATIONAL DISCUSSION ON CENTRAL BANK
DIGITAL CURRENCIES.
TOPICS FOR PUBLIC DISCUSSION.
GLOSSARY.
ABBREVIATIONS.
REFERENCES.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: February, 2022.
No. of Pages: 40.

This paper is the first step in a public discussion between the Federal Reserve and stakeholders about central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). For the purpose of this paper, a CBDC is defined as a digital liability of a central bank that is widely available to the general public. In this respect, it is analogous to a digital form of paper money.  

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Contents

1. Key Topics.

2. Public Outreach.

3. Introduction.

4. The Existing Forms of Money.

5. The Payment System. 

6. Recent Improvements to the Payment System.

7. Remaining Challenges for the Payment System.

8. Digital Assets.

9. Central Bank Digital Currency. 

10. Uses and Functions of a CBDC.

11. Potential Benefits of a CBDC. 

12. Potential Risks and Policy Considerations for a CBDC. 

13. Seeking Comment and Next Steps. 

14. CBDC Benefits, Risks, and Policy Considerations.

15. CBDC Design. 

16. Appendix A: Federal Reserve Research on Digital Currencies. 

17. Technological Experimentation.

18. Economic and Policy Research. 

19. Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach. 

20. International Collaboration. 

21. Central Bank Money.

22. Commercial Bank Money. 

23. Nonbank Money.

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Digital Report - immediate delivery to your email.

Date of Publishing: 2023.
No. of Pages: 250.

As Africa’s population grows, creating more and better jobs for youth will be essential for poverty reduction and shared prosperity. This report, Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs, makes the case for putting digital technologies at the center of a good-jobs strategy for the continent. The report’s overview of current challenges establishes that, although Africa’s mobile internet availability has increased in recent years, its internet infrastructure and the quality of available services still lag behind other regions. Divides in the availability of quality digital services remain an issue in all countries, especially in remote and poorer subregions. Additionally, Africa lags behind other regions in the use of internet services. 

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Contents:

CHAPTER 1

Digital Technologies: Enablers of Technological Transformation for Jobs.

1.1. What are digital technologies?

1.2. Africa’s jobs and technology challenges.

1.3. Impacts of digital technology use on jobs and poverty.

1.4. Africa’s large internet uptake gap.

1.5. Data and knowledge gaps for future work.

CHAPTER 2

2.1. Enterprises: Creating Better Jobs for More People through Innovation.

2.2. Digital technology use by African enterprises.

2.3. COVID-19 and digital divides.

2.4. Drivers of enterprise use.

2.5. Technology policies for more and better firms.

CHAPTER 3

Households: Supporting Productive Use of DTs for Inclusive Economic Impact. 

3.1. Household internet use is low, uneven, but growing.

3.2. The COVID-19 paradox: Increased internet usage but widened digital divides.

3.3. Understanding constraints to household internet use.

3.4. A policy framework to transform use into inclusive impact.

CHAPTER 4

Digital and Data Infrastructure: Stimulating Greater Availability and Use through Policy and Regulatory Reforms.

4.1. Market challenges of internet connectivity: Affordability, use, and quality.

4.2. Affordability to increase use.

4.3. Availability to reduce digital divides.

4.4. Data infrastructure and regulation for affordability and willingness to use.

4.5. Looking ahead: Regional integration and climate transition.

4.6. Summary of key findings for more inclusive use. 

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